Receiving community badges means absolutely nothing. They won't increase sales. They won't increase visibility. They don't have any connection whatsoever with the buying/selling platform. No one who looks at your item listings will have any idea that you have badges from the community--they are two totally separate platforms in that regard.
Furthermore, posting on the discussion boards has no benefit to your selling account, either. Starting threads, replying to other posts, giving helpfuls or solutions--NONE of it affects your selling account.
To answer your question, though, if you go to your own community profile page (by clicking on your own member id), and then click on "View All," you'll see all the badges available. Just click on each individual badge to see an explanation what each of them represents.
