The process is entirely automatic with no need to contact CS or request adjustments.
Generally what happens is: after the event ends eBay applies protections to impacted sellers. Protections are usually applied the month after the event and will be reflected on your account before the evaluation on the 20th.
The eval Jan 20th covered transactions through Dec 31. The eval on Feb 20th covers transactions through Jan 31st.
If you're in a region that qualifies for protections from a January weather/disaster event, you will see those protections automatically applied by Feb 20th (frequently just a few days prior).
For future events, whenever possible I suggest making use of the tools eBay offers to assist sellers, namely the Time Away setting which is easily activated on your phone's app or browser if needed. General info on that below.
Also keep in mind it's a policy violation to doxx your buyer's personal info (name/address/phone) in feedback and you'll get a policy violation if reported.
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Here's the page about Time Away settings:
https://www.ebay.com/help/selling/selling-tools/time-away?id=5137
If you allow sales while away, make sure you read all the exclusions carefully.
Plan to have any auctions or offers end a week before you leave.
There's an option to set up an out of office auto-response within the Time Away settings.
Keep in mind you're still responsible for handling any return requests, claims or payment disputes that are filed while you're away.
