Hello, I have collected beads for many years. If these are cold to the touch and somewhat heavy for their size, they are glass. In the photos, they have the appearance of glass. The designs are hand applied to the glass, so there was definitely some time involved in making these. These do not look very old to me and may be from India or China. I think you could use the term art glass or handmade glass beads to describe these. I hope that this response is helpful.
